<language> A fully integrated Haskell programming environment. It provides tightly coupled interactive editing, incremental compilation and dynamic execution of Haskell programs. Two major modes of compilation, correspond to Lisp's traditional "interpreted" and "compiled" modes. Compiled and interpreted modules may be freely mixed in any combination. Yale Haskell is run using either a command-line interface or as an inferior process running under the Emacs editor. Using the Emacs interface, simple two-keystroke commands evaluate expressions, run dialogues, compile modules, turn specific compiler diagnostics on and off and enable and disable various optimisers. Commands may be queued up arbitrarily, thus allowing, for example, a compilation to be running in the background as the editing of a source file continues in Emacs in the foreground. A "scratch pad" may be automatically created for any module. Such a pad is a logical extension of the module, in which additional function and value definitions may be added, but whose evaluation does not result in recompilation of the module. A tutorial on Haskell is also provided in the Emacs environment. A Macintosh version of Yale Haskell includes its own integrated programming environment, complete with an Emacs-like editor and pull-down menus. Yale Haskell is a complete implementation of the Haskell language, but also contains a number of extensions, including: (1) Instead of stream based I/O, a monadic I/O system is used. Although similar to what will be part of the new Haskell 1.3 report, the I/O system will change yet again when 1.3 becomes official. (2) Haskell programs can call both Lisp and C functions using a flexible foreign function interface. (3) Yale Haskell includes a dynamic typing system. Dynamic typing has been used to implement derived instances in a user extensible manner. (4) A number of small Haskell 1.3 changes have been added, including polymorphic recursion and the use of @_@ in an expression to denote bottom. Although the 1.3 report is not yet complete, these changes will almost certainly be part of the new report. (5) A complete Haskell level X Window System interface, based on CLX. (6) A number of annotations are available for controlling the optimiser, including those for specifying both function and data constructor strictness properties, "inlining" functions, and specialising over-loaded functions. Many standard prelude functions have been specialised for better performance using these annotations. (7) Separate compilation (including mutually recursive modules) is supported using a notion of a UNIT file, which is a kind of localised makefile that tells the compiler about compiler options and logical dependencies amongst program files. (8) Yale Haskell supports both standard and "literate" Haskell syntax. Performance of Yale Haskell's compiled code has been improved considerably over previous releases. Although still not as good as the Glasgow (GHC) and Chalmers (HBC) compilers, the flexibility afforded by the features described earlier makes Yale Haskell a good choice for large systems development. For some idea of performance, Hartel's latest "Nuc" benchmark runs at about the same speed under both Yale Haskell and hbc. (Our experiments suggest, however, that Yale Haskell's compiled code is on average about 3 times slower than hbc.) Binaries are provided for Sun/SPARC and Macintosh, but it is possible to build the system on virtually any system that runs one of a number of Common Lisp implementations: CMU Common Lisp, Lucid Common Lisp, Allegro Common Lisp or Harlequin LispWorks. akcl, gcl and CLisp do not have adaquate performance for our compiler. The current version is 2.1. haskell/yale">Yale (ftp://nebula.cs.yale.edu/pub/haskell/yale). (128.36.13.1). {haskell/yale/">UK (ftp://ftp.dcs.glasgow.ac.uk/pub/haskell/yale/)}. {haskell/yale/">Sweden (ftp://ftp.cs.chalmers.se/pub/haskell/yale/)}. E-mail: <haskell-request@cs.yale.edu>, <haskell-request@dcs.glasgow.ac.uk>. (1993-07-14)

<language> (Named after the logician Haskell Curry) A lazy purely functional language largely derived from Miranda but with several extensions. Haskell was designed by a committee from the functional programming community in April 1990. It features static polymorphic typing, {higher-order functions}, user-defined algebraic data types, and pattern-matching list comprehensions. Innovations include a class system, systematic operator overloading, a functional I/O system, functional arrays, and {separate compilation}. Haskell 1.3 added many new features, including monadic I/O, standard libraries, constructor classes, labeled fields in datatypes, strictness annotations, an improved module system, and many changes to the Prelude. Gofer is a cut-down version of Haskell with some extra features. Filename extension: .hs, .lhs (literate programming). http://haskell.org/. ["Report on the Programming Language Haskell Version 1.1", Paul Hudak & P. Wadler eds, CS Depts, U Glasgow and Yale U., Aug 1991]. [Version 1.2: SIGPLAN Notices 27(5), Apr 1992]. {haskell-report/haskell-report.html">Haskell 1.3 Report (http://haskell.cs.yale.edu/haskell-report/haskell-report.html)}. Mailing list: <haskell-request@cs.yale.edu>. Yale Haskell - Version 2.0.6, Haskell 1.2 built on {Common Lisp}. haskell/yale/">ftp://nebula.cs.yale.edu/pub/haskell/yale/. Glasgow Haskell (GHC) - Version 2.04 for DEC Alpha/OSF2; HPPA1.1/HPUX9,10; SPARC/SunOs 4, Solaris 2; MIPS/Irix 5,6; Intel 80386/Linux,Solaris 2,FreeBSD,CygWin 32; PowerPC/AIX. GHC generates C or native code. haskell/glasgow/">ftp://ftp.dcs.glasgow.ac.uk/pub/haskell/glasgow/. E-mail: <glasgow-haskell-request@dcs.glasgow.ac.uk>. Haskell-B - Haskell 1.2 implemented in LML, generates native code. haskell/chalmers/">ftp://ftp.cs.chalmers.se/pub/haskell/chalmers/. E-mail: <hbc@cs.chalmers.se>. (1997-06-06)

Arnold Lionel David Haskell (19 July 1903, London – 14 November 1980, Bath) was a British dance critic who founded the Camargo Society in 1930. With Ninette de Valois, he was influential in the development of the Royal Ballet School, later becoming the school's headmaster.